Global Warming And Climate Change Essay - 1354 Words

In today s world one of the biggest issue faces by all of us is global warming. Global warming refers to an increase in average global temperatures. The main cause of global warming is increasing in the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHG) in the atmosphere due to anthropogenic activities and their level is quantified with the help of global warming potential (GWP) and expressed as carbon footprint. The present study describes the GHG inventory from major sectors including energy, industries, and agriculture and aviation sector and computed the total emissions in terms of carbon footprint using Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) Guidelines and data of World Bank. The frequently changing pattern of land use and industrial growth in India are essentially responsible for the issues and concerns about environmental risks. In the last two decades in India, the demand for transportation, energy generation, construction of buildings, residential and industrial sector grew significantly. This is contribution to air pollution across the countries (Sharma, 2013). Global warming is an emerging issue due to the extensive spread of greenhouse gases (GHGs) across countries, regions or continents. Fossil Fuels and industrial process are the potent sources of GHGs (Amarendra, 2011). The global GHG emissions from industrial process (includes metal and cement production) and fossil fuel combustion in 2013 is 35300 million tones (Mt) which is increased by 0.7 Gt from 2012.Show MoreRelatedGlobal Warming And Climate Change974 Words   |  4 Pagesabout global warming, whether it is true or false. Is there evidence to prove that global warming has impacted the c limate due to the rise in the earth’s temperature? Climate change is a problem that is worldwide that should be reviewed. The rise in the earth’s temperature has caused some impact to the weather and climate changes to many places worldwide. This rise in temperature has the potential of causing drastic changes to the earth in many ways. It is time to view the global warming concernsRead MoreClimate Change Of Global Warming924 Words   |  4 Pages Figure 0.1 shows the different effects of global warming. Global warming is the warming of our planet at an extreme rate. The Earth’s climate has warmed by 7.8OC since 1880. (Quick facts about science, 2015). What causes global warming? The cause of global warming is the carbon dioxide. This acts like a blanket. Protecting the earth, and heating the earth. Sun rays would normally bounce around the earth, but with the blanket, the sun rays heat the blanket which heats the earth. (Petersen ScienceRead MoreGlobal Warming And Climate Change1398 Words   |  6 Pages Global warming and climate change have been frequent topics of discussion over the past several years. Although people tend to focus on the politics, it is important to look past the media aspects of it into the cold hard facts of what our Earth is currently experiencing, and what has caused it in the first place. The cause of climate change includes natural causes, but human causes are what is generating such a rapid global temperature change. It’s time that the ways in which humanity affectsRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1060 Words   |  5 PagesClimate change (Klaus) 1000 The terms â€Å"global warming†, â€Å"climate change† or â€Å"greenhouse effect† have become more than just parts of the popular lexicon as they rather are subject of public discussions, scientific research or political debates. Despite the popularity and the ubiquity of these terms, the public’s theoretical and conceptual understanding of them and their causal relations is often based on superficial knowledge and buzzwords or caricatures outlined and depicted in several popular mediaRead MoreClimate Change : Global Warming1194 Words   |  5 PagesDonya Curtis April 19, 2017 English 1001-rough draft Global Warming Global warming is one facet of the broader term climate change. It is the increase in the average temperature of the Earth s surface air and oceans from the mid 20th century and the projected continuation. The Global warming is primarily the consequence of building up greenhouse gasses in the atmosphere. Emission rates for most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas, CO2, have increased 120 fold in the past 140 years. WhileRead MoreClimate Change and Global Warming1074 Words   |  5 PagesClimate change and Global Warming are out of control. This means that, no matter what policies, processes or actions are implemented, the Earth as we know it will never be the same again. There is significant evidence to support this hypothesis. The dilemma becomes whether we can limit the damage and adapt to a new status quo or not. Rising sea levels and the damage caused by this phenomenon has irreversible impacts on coastlines worldwide. Damage to sensitive reef systems cannot be fixed. This alsoRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1022 Words   |  5 PagesWhat = Climate Change Who = Emma, Aoife, Julia, Rachael, Mariah and Cà ©line What is it? Climate Change is a change in the demographic distribution of weather patterns, and related change in oceans, land surfaces and ice sheets, happening over time scales of decades or longer. It’s the world’s greatest threat. Climate change is the change in temperature over a period of time. It involves the greenhouse effect and global warming. Where is it? It is an issue affecting everyone everywhere. ClimateRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1474 Words   |  6 Pagesphenomenon, known as â€Å"smog† became an often daily occurrence in big, urbanized cites across the globe. Also, Al Gore’s book, An Inconvenient Truth, popularized the issue of climate change and global warming as a result of the damage that the modern world has done to the atmosphere. He noted that people resist the facts about climate change due to the inconvenience of changing their lifestyles. But, uninhibited industrialization of several countries has led to intense modernization and revolution of theRead MoreClimate Change And Global Warming928 Words   |  4 PagesThis paper will discuss climate change and global warming on the economy. The paper also gives a description on climate change and global warming. As well as what it hold for future business owners. It will also discuss what the government is doing about climate change/global warming. Climate change is a long-term shift in the statistics of the weather (including its averages). For example, it could show up as a change in climate normal (expected average values for temperature and precipitation)Read MoreClimate Change And Global Warming1630 Words   |  7 PagesClimate Related Threats Global warming will lead to uncontrollable devastation such as famine, war, and economic instability. Climate change will accelerate the dislocation of hundreds of millions of people and the extinction of many species. The negative effects of climate change are obvious on every continent. Professor Le Quere, director of the Tyndall Centre for Climate Change Research at the University of East Anglia said, The human influence on climate change is clear. The atmosphere and

The Beginning Of Slavery During The Great Migration

The Beginning of Slavery in United States. The history of slavery began in 1619, when in the North American colony of Jamestown, Virginia, landed a Dutch ship, White Lion, with twenty enslaved Africans who were captured in a battle with a Spanish ship. The Dutch ship was damaged, so people needed to stay and repair their ship. They also needed food and supplies. Therefore, they decided to sell Africans to the colonists as indentured slaves. In that time began a new period in colonist s life called The Great Migration, which was a period when the population of the colony grew from 450 to 4000 people. But people faced some problems like disease, malnutrition and war with Indians. Colonies desperately needed laborers. The solution of this problem was indentured servants. Indentured servants are people, who work for food, clothes and shelter, for certain period of time. Indentured servants were not only Africans, a large majority of them were also Germans, Irish, Scottish and English. The laborers were very important, because col onists needed gather crop, build buildings and do other work to make live colonists more easy. (History of slavery in America) An interesting fact about the first slaveowners is that the first legal slaveowner was a black man named Anthony Johnson. Anthony Jonson was born in Angola. He was brought to work on tobacco farm in 1621 as an indentured servant. The Virginia Muster(census) listed his name as Antonio the negro. He almost lost his lifeShow MoreRelatedAfrican American And The Civil War876 Words   |  4 PagesAmerica and slavery was abolished, the African American population in the South faced many challenges related to their new found freedom. Following the post-Civil War Reconstruction period, white supremacy resurfaced in the South (AE Television, 2015). Beginning in the early 1900s through 1970 there was a mass exodus of African American s from South to North America. Although some African American s were known to have moved from the South as early as 1850, there were two major waves during the 1900sRead MoreAfrican Americans During The Civil War1170 Words   |  5 PagesIn 1865, when the civi l war ended in America and slavery was abolished, the African American population in the South faced many challenges related to their new found freedom. Following the post-Civil War Reconstruction period, white supremacy resurfaced in the South (AE Television, 2015). Beginning in the early 1900s through 1970 there was a mass exodus of African American s from the South to the North in America. Although some African American s were known to have moved from the South as earlyRead MoreGreat Migration. Roberto Barriga . History 101. Instructor:1000 Words   |  4 Pages Great Migration Roberto Barriga History 101 Instructor: Dr. Kelly McMichael 3/19/2017 African American’s somewhat silent non war revolution of migration to the North and Midwest of the United States which started roughly in 1915. The Great Migration of African American’s was sparked by work labor shortages during World War I. Until this point of mass relocation to the north and west, the majority of African Americans have primarily resided in rural areas of the south. ThousandsRead MoreThe Glory Field By Walter Dean Myers1265 Words   |  6 Pageshour 11/09/15 Slavery to Segregation; Civil War to Civil Rights The Glory Field is a novel by Walter Dean Myers that follows the Lewis family through racism and segregation. It starts with Muhammad Bilal being captured from Africa in 1753. It follows through to see young Lizzy escape from slavery on the live Oaks plantation in South Carolina in 1864. After the Civil War, the family is given is plot of land they refer to as the â€Å"Glory Field†, which represents hope for the family during their hardshipsRead MoreThe Island Of Cuba1624 Words   |  7 Pageslivestock was in the form of African slavery. Cuban people today are the descendants of Spanish colonizers and African slaves. While British control of the tiny island lasted only 10 months before Spain regained control, North Americans began purchasing Cuban goods. The new trade alliance with North America contributed to the growth and economic wellbeing of the island population. Immigration and trade increased over the next 60 years as did the growth of African slavery, due in large part to the adventRead MoreIntroduction. Hope. When Black People Were Forced Into1199 Words   |  5 Pagessomeone is) nor the freedom to learn and establish generational wealth for future generations to come. However, hope didn’t just stop in 1863 when the Emancipation Proclamation was signed by Abraham Lincoln. Hope didn’t stop on June 19, 1865 when slavery completely ended, a day known as Juneteenth. Hope didn’t leave the Black community when the Civil Rights Act of 1964 ended segregation. Hope was still alive in 2008 and 2012 when the first African-American president of the United States of AmericaRead MoreSharecropping : A New Form Of Slavery1165 Words   |  5 PagesSharecropping is often cited as one of the major Push Factors of the Great Migration. It aligned incentives to ensure that the tenant would not be able to pursue other opportunities. The system allowed the tenant to harvest a piece of land while giving up a portion to the landlord. The landlords would often exploit the agreement and after expenses, leave the tenant with a paucity of money. Essentially a new form of slavery, Blacks became tied to this work as unmechanized cotton-picking is extremelyRead MoreThe Civil War Of 18121560 Words   |  7 PagesIn 1820, the Congress of the United States passed The â€Å"Missouri Compromise†. This compromise went over the sectional differences the states had at the time, but was able to maintain the balance between states who favored slavery, and those who were against it and banned it in their respective state. But how this was achieved? After the â€Å"War of 1812 †, the American people started to contemplate the idea of expansion more thoroughly, which led to the â€Å"Era of Good Feeling†, from 1817 to 1823. This ideasRead MoreLangston Hughes And The Harlem Renaissance1736 Words   |  7 Pagespieces that move the masses. For an African American artist in the 1920’s, that power was fought for harder and dimmed due the racial inequalities across America. Being acknowledged as a credible artist was equated to being acknowledged as an American during a time where African American citizens were not considered an equal under the law. The Harlem Renaissance, spanning from the mid 1920’s to the late 1930’s, shed light on the excellence within the African American Community. The heart of the movementRead MoreAfrican American1129 Words   |  5 PagesETH 125 June 5, 2011 | | African Americans Who are we, where did we come from, what has been our experience since we landed on United States soil? The migration of Africans has been very significant in the making of African Americans history and culture. Todays 35 million African Americans are heirs to all the migrations that have formed and transformed African America, the United States, and the Western Hemisphere (The New York Public Library,  n.d.). African American history starts

Tourism Policy Address Climate Change Issues-Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Tourism Policy Address Climate Change Issues? Answer: Introducation The organization producing this discussion paper is called Budget Travel Tours Limited (BTT). It is an international organization with branches spread out to 6 countries/destinations. As the Chief Executive Officer of BTT, the role of the organization is assessing the impact of climate change on tourism in Fiji. Its main responsibility is to organize tours on behalf of tourists to interesting places in any chosen destination. The agency values privacy and has a strong interest in the security of their exciting tours. A major internal influence on the organization is political tensions in the country. Externally, Budget Tours Travel Limited is influenced by terrorism. The specific goal is to enhance tours while upholding security. The main objectives of the policy include: Maintaining security of the tourists Preservation of the privacy of the tourists Background Context Tourism is a remarkable marvel show in all nations on the planet and has a steady propensity of expanding its development. No nation on the planet does not build up some tourism or a nation where residents are not associated with traveler development outside of their perpetual place of living arrangement. Fundamentally, the specialized meaning of tourism is quite recently that, a trek for different reasons, for example, business, joy, games, and diversion, religion or different reasons (Adem Gelgelo, 2016). The following table shows the opportunities, issues, and challenges of the tourism sector presented through a SWOT analysis. Strengths Great Dcor Convenience Natural world Weaknesses Inadequate public transportation Shortage of organization skills among patrons Opportunities Emergent home market Improving feeling of togetherness Enlargement of the National park Threats Influence of terrorism Climate Change Effect of expansion on a limited site As per Aija Saku (2013), universal tourists' entry in 2016 has achieved 1.5 million (3.9% expansion). Visitor's use comes to $ 1.4 billion, and the tourism business took an interest with 10% of the worldwide GDP (total national output). Each eleventh utilized individual on the planet is utilized inside the tourism business (Renato et al., 2017). An ever-increasing number of nations perceive the considerable part of tourism, both regarding social flourishing and monetary advantages. Therefore, the nations at each level (national, local and nearby) are deliberately arranging and making approaches for advancement in tourism (Adem Gelgelo, 2016). Numerous nations energize the advancement of global tourism through various types of help. At the national level, the improvement of worldwide tourism is falling under the Ministries and Government Agencies of tourism. By and large, these establishments are occupied with doing exercises, for example, controlling and directing of the visitor exercises; gathering data about the business; setting up a national procedure for tourism advancement; setting up a national tourism promoting and publicizing and the sky is the limit from there. Statement of Need This report is a preparatory sort, and its goal is to assess the predictable effect/impact of climate change on tourism, and furthermore to build up how much literature concerning the topic exists. Also to recognize the requirements for examining, distinguishing basic information holes, which ought to be managed later on, and to propose future sectorial or essential research ventures, both for entire divisions and for decided geographic regions. This segment shows the contentions identified with a look into tourism matters, later on, keeping in mind the end goal to typify the accessible learning and to decrease the vulnerabilities identified with the effect of climate change on tourism, with the preface of setting up adaptation procedures while staying away from alarmism. As an underlying answer, one might say that there is little research into the relationship between climate change and tourism. The topic is presented in the eager stage; individuals are winding up more mindful of its significance. However, there are still no logical examinations on the conceivable effects of climate change on tourism. Concentrates by the IPCC and by the UNO and others like Brzoska (2015) related to these are being resounded in the media, which is spreading data about these issues. The establishments and promoters of information of the subject are anticipating affirmation of the extent of climate change and its outcomes, keeping in mind the end goal to settle on choices and to actualize the comparing activities. Following an underlying stage went for characterizing the issue, established researchers are starting to plan particular goals and to outline approaches went for typifying the measurement of change and the particular effects inside every circle. Both the examination needs and the basic information holes are anticipated into the distinctive advancement periods of the wonder and of the exploration procedure itself. Therefore, the absence of information and the requirements for examining are distinguished in the segments of this report and the diverse things made for each situation. Also in the distinctive components of the tourism System: request, supply, advertise administrators and the geographic-tourism space, especially in the last mentioned, because of the way that it envelops the regular assets with the possibility for tourism and, particularly, environmental assets. Climate Change is of concern to tourism for three primary explanations. This concern coordinates climatic effects, aberrant impacts of Climate Change, and Green House Gas (GHG) emanations in tourism. A substantial collection of writing is there which features the way a climatic change may effect on the reasonableness of goals for holiday business, on the regularity and at a working level in business costs. Climatic occasions can meddle with tourists' cooperation in exercises and effect on their fulfillment points. Exploration, for instance, shows that bad climate has a more articulated impact on fulfillment than ideal climatic conditions: nausea, icy or wet conditions, lessened perceivable and troublesome snorkeling conditions all prompted lessened fulfillment levels (Brzoska, 2015). Some visitor goals are now encountering the effects of expansion in unfavorable climatic occasions, for instance abnormally high temperatures, water deficiency, outrageous precipitation and Tempest harm. Sea tempests delineate the potential harm: their assessed framework harm is given announced costs alone added up to $ 1 billion. Different goals are probably going to witness quickened tourism advancement, for example, the Canadian Arctic, because of less ocean ice that permits expanded dispatching. Aberrant impacts of Climate Change incorporate lessened water accessibility in a few regions, biodiversity misfortune, diminished scene request, expanded vector-borne infections and a scope of other backhanded effects. An examination features the potential effects of Climate Change on biosphere legacy ranges, for instance, Mt Everest in Nepal or the Kilimanjaro in Tanzania. The effect of high humidity on coral islands and the financial results for tourism have likewise been talked about for various reefs far and wide (Dawit Jan 2017). Thirdly, tourism is a critical supporter of worldwide GHG emanations coming about particularly from vacationer transport. Accordingly, tourism's Climate Change costs are beginning to be incorporated into practical tourism activities, yet outflow lessening endeavors in tourism are still generally in their earliest stages. Decreasing GHG emanations is essential not just because tourism is requested to add to national diminishment objectives, but since the inability to enhance carbon effectiveness could bring about long-haul financial disservices, among others due to rising oil costs, and expenses forced on the discharge of carbon dioxide. Universal strategies on air go, for instance, are probably going to affect basic traveler leadership through increments in transport costs. In this setting changes in effectiveness will have a much more grounded basis for the main financial concern of carriers. Tourists' view of how "green" certain vacationer exercises are might turn out to be progressively vital. A larger part of tourists appears to pay to balance the impacts of their GHG emanations. To date, genuine changes in conduct, be that as it may, are less evident (Fasil et al., 2013). The various types of Climate Change effects will require distinctive approach and administration approaches, for example, Climate Change adjustment, relief, the improvement and use of new advancements and the redistribution of budgetary assets. Not all effects are similarly pertinent in every vacationer goal, and the concentration of arrangement making is probably going to vary in like manner. Beachfront goals will be worried about direct climate effects, for example, violent wind occasions, ocean level ascent or water-front immersion. They will likewise likely need to manage natural changes, for example, evolving shorelines, corruption of coral reefs and harm to seaside biological systems. Like this, relief approaches will be most applicable to those goals that require long-separate air go to arrive. According to Kenneth Baba (2014), the holiday business segment through its portrayal in industry associations and government can be engaged with approach applicable to Climate Change in four unmistakable ways: (1) Interests regarding holiday business are adequately and fairly secured inside national Climate Change arrangement (perhaps, a bland carbon charge) no particular action is necessary. (2) Vacation industry is adequately and impartially reflected in countrywide approach which states matters in a roundabout way identified with Climate Change (perhaps, biodiversity insurance) no particular action is needed. (3) Holiday business advocates for the particular incorporation of Climate Change angle into national strategies which mention matters vital to the holiday business, however that fall flat to Assess Climate Change. (4) Tourism builds up its own 'Climate Change strategies,' particularly for the tourism part (e.g., an ecological quality plan that incorporates carbon discharges). Scope of the Proposed Plan The procedure connected in this examination included a two-step process. In the first place, Budget Tours Travel Limited (BTT) was associated with the realistic approach in the contextual investigation goals in Fiji. On account of Fiji, a travel agent at BTT is a specialist working with the local government on Climate Change adjustment. The organization was engaged in the strategy-making process in Fiji, one at the respective ministry and his counterpart as an outsourced researcher. Data accumulated for the situation examined in this manner direct and genuine. The second stage included reflection on the involvement in the two goals concerning the part that tourism plays in Climate Change arrangement. Lessons scholarly, shared characteristics and contrasts were attracted together to produce a more noteworthy comprehension of the outcomes and procedures significant for the contextual investigations in addition to a more extensive scope of visitor goals (Khan, 2013). The approach advan cement in the contextual investigations, Fiji included the accompanying strides: Distinguishing the fundamental issues related to Climate Change and tourism Organizing issues and setting a motivation for approach improvement Figuring particular arrangements Where conceivably, help usage of strategies by important lead offices. These means give a guide that incorporates various stages and on-screen characters and can expand on past involvement. This extremely straightforward method was viewed as a proper way the "new" issue of the strategy for Climate Change in the holiday business segment. It permitted acclimation of the subject and additionally the arrangement procedure with holiday business partners that have not looked at these matters previously. A mind-boggling system for arrangement advancement is probably going to be needed at an advanced phase once the holiday business area has comprehended the key difficulties and executed fundamental strategies. Both contextual investigations included a participatory way to deal with a guarantee that arrangements created would mirror the necessities of a scope of tourism partners and that usage of strategies at a later stage would be encouraged. The participatory procedure was viewed as basic to amplify aggregate insight and to empower collaboration between different partners and social learning (Linda et al., 2012). Given the distinctive idea of the two contextual analyses, an extensive variety of Climate Change dangers were distinguished, speaking to the two ranges that require approaches for adjustment and alleviation. Fiji is to a great degree powerless against cataclysmic events, specifically typhoons, surges, and dry spells. These perils are probably going to increment because of a worldwide temperature alteration. Notwithstanding extraordinary occasions, there are long-haul impacts anticipated from a worldwide temperature alteration, for example, ocean level ascent (up to 1 m by 2100) and coral blanching. These will highly affect nearby economies reliant on tourism. For Fiji, the abnormal state of helplessness and restricted access to regular assets is combined with a low ability to adjust to the unfavorable impacts of Climate Change. While Fiji is a whole deal goal for a significant number of its guests, and in this manner prone to be influenced by worldwide moderation endeavors, tourism partners in Fiji were principally worried about Climate Change adjustment. Despite the key contrasts in Fiji, four normal regions of concern were recognized. These concern guest landings, business execution, asset administration, and research. The specific factors inside these territories of concern contrast for every goal. In Fiji, the danger of diminishing traveler entries was to a great extent examined in connection to the adverse impacts of climatic calamities, well-being worries (specifically the episode of dengue fever and issues identifying with sustenance cleanliness). In addition to the loss of allure of the neighborhood marine frameworks, particularly coral reefs (Luciane Reinaldo, 2013). The second zone in connection to Climate Change impacts managed tourism organizations and their execution. Enter issues in Fiji identified with the expenses forced on organizations because of the harm to tourism resources after extraordinary occasions, for example, storm surges or high breezes. The intrusion of supply chains specifically for more remote islands apparently impacted on the capacity to work the business. So also, dry spells (progressively visit under Climate Change situations) would affect fundamental administration arrangement, for example, water supply. Poor benchmarks of natural administration (e.g., water contamination) and hazard administration (e.g., early cautioning frameworks for catastrophic events) were a key concern identifying with organizations. In New Zealand, the natural execution of organizations was likewise observed as a central. Mair (2011) agrees that New Zealand partners trusted that to stay focused in a 'carbon obliged' world, tourism organizations should: Measure discharges or emissions Decrease outflows Grow new items that are described by high carbon effectiveness Settle on speculation choices that perform over their lifetime in an inexorable carbon obliged world Proposed Process (The Desired Outcome) This discussion paper explored the part of the tourism division in connection with Climate Change arrangements and the requirement for goals to create particular tourism strategies to mention Climate Change. Holiday business partners in two vacationer goals, New Zealand and Fiji perceived a requirement for an arrangement managing Climate Change. Their Climate Change concerns came to four territories of apprehension. These were identified as the danger of diminishes in entry numbers, the execution of tourism organizations, the administration of assets and research. Climate Change represents a hazard to tourism from multiple points of view, and goals or countries are probably going to profit by arrangements that proactively manage this hazard. The bits of knowledge from New Zealand and Fiji demonstrated that the tourism segment's way to deal with Climate Change is to a great extent one of ensuring the segment, as opposed to lessening the danger of Climate Change fundamentally, as natio nal Climate Change strategies try to accomplish (Michael et al., 2011). Therefore, tourism's arrangement making in this space is still prone to be 'tourism strategy' as opposed to 'climate approach.' This is most likely clarified by tourism's inclination to incline toward methodologies of promoting and correspondence, instead of enactment and direction. Perhaps this is because of tourism's temperament as an exceptionally client mindful area that is worked on positive pictures and discernment. The examination of existing national arrangements uncovered that tourism is now canvassed in numerous parts of Climate Change. In any case, it additionally turned out to be certain that some national arrangements did not consider Climate Change to the level that tourism partners regarded suitable or they did not consider the particular needs of tourism (Ruhanen, 2012). There was additionally some worry that national climate strategies weakness tourism contrasted and different areas. There was an absence of implementation of existing strategies that avoided fruitful adjustment or alleviation to Climate Change. In these cases, the tourism part, for instance through its government, can draw in with the pertinent offices to upgrade or revise existing arrangements. A couple of territories were distinguished where tourism partners felt there is a particular requirement for tourism approach to address Climate Change. One tends to the absence of mindfulness, data, and limits inside the segment as a key hindrance to managing Climate Change. A moment range identifies with tourism organizations and their ecological administration and hazard preparation (Moses Mary, 2013). The third region for strategy making manages correspondence and showcasing. Most arrangements recommended for tourism were willful. While this might be a logical beginning stage for tourism to get engaged with Climate Change activities, to be compelling for the long haul, these willful measures should be installed in the more extensive approach blend. The procedure of strategy making was participatory, including an extensive variety of partners with enthusiasm for tourism, Climate Change or both. In both contextual analyses, strategy systems were made with portrayal from the general population and private segments, and outside specialists. The advantages were that the lead offices, Fiji and New Zealand, could profit by an extensive variety of aptitude and encounter, and in the meantime get purchase in from key partners from general society and private divisions. Now and again the procedure demonstrated testing as a result of the assorted variety of perspectives, dispositions and infr equently clashing objectives. Both contextual investigations featured the requirement for the solid initiative, progressing duty, and adequate resourcing. In the Fiji case, assets and outside skill were made accessible through a special undertaking, and the limit is working with the staff of the Service of Tourism was accomplished. In New Zealand, the government gave inside assets to lead the procedure. However, outer mastery was contracted to help for the time being. Tourism organizations are probably going to require up-skilling and limit working to have the capacity to address Climate Change issues successfully in the long term. From experience introduced in this paper, Climate Change will require an approach system laid out and drove by an administration organization, as it is from the state and its establishments that the infringement of the private into people in general, of worldwide streams into neighborhood places, is gotten to going. References Adem A. Hiko, Gelgelo N. Malicha, 2016. Climate Change and Animal Health Risk, in Maria Alejandra Gonzalez-Perez. In: L. Leonard, ed. Advances in Sustainability and Environmental Justice. S.l.: Emerald Publishing Group, pp. 77-111. Brzoska, M. A., 2015. Climate change and military planning. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 7(2), pp. 172-190. Fasil E. Eregno, Chong?Yu Xu, Nils?Otto Kitterd, 2013. Modeling hydrological impacts of climate change in different climatic zones. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 5(3), pp. 344-365. Kenneth Ofori-Boateng, Baba D. Insah, 2014. The impact of climate change on cocoa production in West Africa. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 6(3), pp. 296-314. Khan, M. R., 2013. Mapping entrepreneurship ecosystem of Saudi Arabia. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management, and Sustainable Development, 9(1), pp. 28-54. Linda M. Pealba, Dulce D. Elazegui, Juan M. Pulhin, Rex Victor O. Cruz, 2012. Social and institutional dimensions of climate change adaptation. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 4(3), pp. 308-322. Luciane Reginato and Reinaldo Guerreiro, 2013. Relationships between environment, culture, and management control systems. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, pp. 219-240. Mair, J., 2011. Events and climate change: an Australian perspective. International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 2(3), pp. 245-253. Michael J. Polonsky, Morgan P. Miles, Stacy L. Grau, 2011. Climate change regulation: implications for business executives. European Business Review, 23(4), pp. 368-383. Moses K. Kihiko, Mary W. Kinoti, 2013. Climate change adaptation and EIA studies in Kenya. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 5(2), pp. 152-165. Narendra Singh, Kanika Gupta, 2013. Environmental attitude and ecological behavior of Indian consumers. Social Responsibility Journal, 9(1), pp. 4-18. Renato J. Orsato, Simone R. Barakat, Jos Guilherme F. de Campos, 2017. Organizational adaptation to climate change: learning to anticipate energy disruptions. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 9(5), pp. 645-665. Ruhanen, L., 2012. Climate Change, Sustainability, and Tourism. In: E. Fayos-sol, ed. Knowledge Management in Tourism: Policy and Governance Applications. S.l.: Emerald Publishing Group, pp. 153-173. Zhenghong Tang, Ting Wei, Courtney Quinn, Nan Zhao, 2012. Surveying local planning directors ' actions for climate change. International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management, 4(1), pp. 81-103.

Enterprise project management Essay Example For Students

Enterprise project management Essay Successful organizations must manage resources and control the diverse range of projects operating within their systems at any one time. To be successful in the current business climate, organizations need to focus on how to manage the many competing requirements for resources. Conflicting resource requirements across multiple projects and corporate priorities not centrally managed usually are grounds for failure. I believe that a properly organized enterprise project office is the formula for successful project implementation. This paper briefly outlines what I feel is the main philosophy of the project office and two functions it can provide. The main philosophy of the project office is to provide the organization with a single point of enterprise project planning and control. The project office supports all levels of management by monitoring all current projects in an integrated form. It stores all relevant data and disseminates information to all the various managers involved in all projects. It is the only office that has a global view of all the corporate projects and their history. One function the project office can provide is assistance with resource availability for the project managers and project teams. As resource requirements and assignments are submitted to the project office, that information can be entered into an enterprise project database. This gives the project office the ability to not only track resource allocations for a single project but also determine the assignments and constraints of resources throughout the organization. Without this big picture, project impacts caused by resource constraints are difficult to determine. Another function the project office can provide is maintaining the issues; log. The project manager and possibly functional managers raise issues when changes to the project scope occur, or when changes and problems occur outside the control of the project management team. The project office collects this information and performs various what if; scenarios. They then can determine the impact on schedule, resource availability, and budget for that project and the organization as a whole. The project office can provide the enterprise the tools and knowledge to make informed decisions that benefit the organization as a whole. Without a single point of enterprise project planning and control, decisions such as resource assignments and issue rectification are not efficient. For an organization to perform project management successfully, they must have an enterprise project office. .

Unme Jean Branding Web 2.0 Essay Example

Unme Jean Branding Web 2.0 Essay Case: UnME Jeans: Branding Web 2. 0 Solution #1 I think Margaret Foley is not spending enough on internet marketing as per her current media plan. According to Exhibit 1, UnME has projected the highest media budget is slotted for Television and the lowest for online banner and search marketing. I think that UnME should increase their expenditure for Online marketing due the emergence of Web 2. 0 that has attracted a lot curiosity among marketers and the users. I suggest that Ms. Foley reduce her advertising budget for newspaper by at least 10% and reduce budget allocated to television and radio by a small margin. The target market for UnME is teenage girls who are social, taste leaders in their communities and valued brand for their unique features. This audience was showing a clear shift from traditional media channels to Web 2. 0. The reasons being: Lack of control over the information they acquire on television, newspapers and radio. Overwhelmed by advertisers and cluttering of ads on the mediums. Emergence of new technology in hardware and software gave consumers more control over the type of ads they want to see and the content they wish to engage in. For UnME, the advantages of allocating a higher percentage of the budget on online marketing are: Appropriate audiences for the company can now be targeted with more accuracy and with increased efficiency. Since teenage girls would be part of social media communities and use the internet to obtain their choice of information, advertisers would easily locate them and display their ads on such virtual places. We will write a custom essay sample on Unme Jean Branding Web 2.0 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Unme Jean Branding Web 2.0 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Unme Jean Branding Web 2.0 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Dueling in early modern England Essay Example

Dueling in early modern England Essay Example Dueling in early modern England Essay Dueling in early modern England Essay Dueling in Early Modern England History of Early Modern England If I could summarize the time period between 1485 to 1714 1 would choose the word turmoil. During this time period the concepts of honor and the duel would enter into the English culture. The first and most obvious question is; what is a duel and how is it different than a fight. Well I believe Barbara Holland does a pretty good Job of explaining the concept in modern terms in her book, Gentlemens Blood: a history of dueling from swords at dawn to pistols at dusk; If, in a bar, someone offends you, and you wheel and knock him off his barstool, and e snatches up a chair and comes after you, this is simply a fight, or a brawl, and the bouncer will break it up and throw you both out. But if, as is still the custom in punctilious places, you invite the villain out to the parking lot (l had to ask him outside, your report later, ruefully but pridefully), and some of your friends and some of his come along to hold your coats and see fair play, and you fght there, this is a duel. l The second question that must be asked is, what was it about England that made these concepts take such a strong hold there. I believe the answer to that question is hat honor and dueling arose as a response to the many changes to English society during this time period. These changes included capitalism, the protestant reformation, and the creation ofa new class of people, the gentry. In order to fully unaerstana tnese cnanges ana wny tne Ouel was so quickly accepted Dy tne Engllsn citizens we must look at their history prior to the duels introduction in the 1570s. It is roughly estimated that the middle ages ended around 1500 A. D. So England was just emerging from a period of time in which they had been essentially dormant as a society for about one thousand years. During this time period things remained fairly consistent. Warfare may have changed political boundaries occasionally, but even that the people had gotten used to. Catholicism ruled all over Europe during this time. Government and the economy was essentially the same no matter who was in charge, they were both based on a feudal system. Under feudalism a land owner rented their land to peasants who agreed to give the owner the majority of their crops. This landowner had pledged his allegiance to the King. As far as the economy was concerned it was relatively stagnant, the feudal lords set the prices and kept the ealth earned from their land. There was little room for advancement under this system for peasants, but this was all about to change. Under the rule of the next two dynasties, the Tudors and the Stewarts, England would see major changes as they emerged from a feudal system into a more modern capitalistic society. It was these changes that would contribute to the growing practice of honor and dueling. Before we discuss the changes and how they allowed the concepts of honor and dueling to enter into English society, let us first discuss the history and major concepts of the duel. The Justification for the duel most likely dates back to the biblical story of David and Goliath. 2 As the story goes the David, who was the huge underdog, was able to beat the far superior Goliath because he was on the side of good and he had god on his side. It was based on this idea that god would protect good in the face of evil despite any obvious advantages, that spurned the original duels around 1100. 3 These original duels were held to solve legal matters. It was believed that if a person felt he was wronged and the accused refused to admit guilt the two could settle the ispute with a duel and God would see that the side that was right would be victorious. This custom would be referred to as a Judicial duel or trial by duel. 4 This was Just the basis however, the duel as we have come to expect would require help from the Italian Renaissance to evolve. It was the Italian Renaissance that would introduce the concepts of courtesy and civility, these concepts when combined with the ideas already accepted in the Judicial duel that would formulate the images of the duel that we think of today. The Italian Renaissance placed a great deal of mphasis on sophisticated manors, particularly among people of nobility. 5 The Italians believed that there were strict codes and ethics that must be upheld when conducting ones self in a public forum. They called this courtesy, referring to the royal court as an example. The Italians then combined these regulations with the judicial duel to form duels of courtesy or honor. According to Italian custom, if a person felt that they had not been given proper courtesy then their honor had been injured. This was because that people showed honor by giving courtesies. 6 They in urn believed that the only proper way to defend this honor was a duel with the one who had caused this injury. Through this method God would protect the most honorable and Just side. As in many societies, as the nobles continued to practice these customs of courtesy and duels of honor soon to did the common folk, as they tried to impersonate the more elite members of society. Soon the idea would spread all over Europe as well. Along tne way tne rules ana reasons would De more clearly defined. By the time the duel reached England almost every situation of insult had a proper response and standard to be followed. The process of setting up a duel and the duel itself was very ritualistic. In order for a duel to take place a man had to receive a blow to his honor. The most sever of these insults which could include anything from not showing a man proper courtesy, the insult of a woman which was under the protection of a man, a slap or blow, or a private or public slur or defamation, was a lie. The lie was by far the greatest insult one gentleman could give to another. 8 In fact even by telling a story that was grand a person could often find themselves in a situation where they would be forced to defend their story. A lie, t was felt, broke down the very fabric of what honor represented to the people by insinuating that the person being lied to was not worth the truth. After an individuals honor had been insulted the individual was placed in a situation of decision. Either the y chose to fight to defend their honor or chose not to fight and lose it completely. A person choosing not to fght often received persecution similar to that of individuals who had been excommunicated from the church. This idea lead, Markku Peltonen a dueling historian, to write, When one gentleman had shown signs or words of discourtesy to another gentleman e had in effect insulted him and thus questioned his status as a gentleman. A challenge was the only possible way out of this situation for the insulted gentleman, because that would be the only way to demonstrate his courage and valor, to display his genteel character and thus to restore his tarnished reputation as a gentleman. Another man referred to as Guazzo wrote, [l]t was a greater offense to take away ones good name, which refresh the soul, than to defraud one of food, which sustains the body. 10 Clearly the choice was easy, so the next step was to submit a written challenge to the insulter. l These challenges early in dueling history were published to avoid ignorance of them. 12 The challenge once again l eft little option for the challenged. They too faced serious social repercussions if they didnt accept. 13 After acceptance the men went about the task of deciding on weapons and armor, place, time, and procedure. 4 They also named their seconds, the seconds were men chosen by the primary participants to see that all the rules were upheld. The weapons were probably the most important aspect of the decision process. The chosen weapon had to be deadly in order to fully protect ones honor. 5 Initially the sword was the weapon of choice, but it soon gave way to the rapier and the art of fencing. The rapier was a much lighter than the cumbersome sword and was able to used defensively while attempting to attack. 6 Now this is only a brief summary of some of the rules and practices and I have neglected to include the actual rules that were to be upheld during the fght. Many people today would probably feel that by the time all this pre-duel nonsense was done they wouldnt even be mad at the other person anymore. This might very well have been the point, during this time period a ight was looked down upon society as an uncontrollable outburst of emotion, a duel on the other hand was a polite response to an insult. 17 In theory, only the insults truly worth fighting for would ever actually reach the dueling ground. Now that the nlstory, rules, ana customs nave Deen summarlzea, we must 100K at tne cnanges which led to the duel becoming so popular in England despite a strong opposition from the church, the King, and even many of the people. As the feudal system broke down in England there were many changes to the English society, the first was the introduction ofa free market or capitalism. As I had discussed earlier England as well as the rest of Europe were all beginning to emerge from a period where they experienced relatively no change to the economy. But as the feudal system broke down and capitalism broke down many characteristics of a capitalistic society that we are all so used to today began to emerge to the surprise and bewilderment of the English people. Enclosure among the English countryside caused two situations that led to the acceptance and rise of honor and the duel. Enclosure was the practice of wealthy landowners buying up land that had been previously used by peasants and icking them off of it to make room for grazing or farming. This did two things; first of all it pushed the peasants which had previously been living in a rural setting into the cities. In the cities, they would be forced to work in factories and live in a very close proximity to one another. Factory work was very stressful, and there were no employee rights to protect them. This combined with the fact that these individuals were coming from a situations where they knew a relatively little amount of people, combined to form situations where very stressed out people were coming in contact ith many people with many different views and ideas. It is important to realize that these individual had little formal education and probably hadnt been introduced to differences of opinion. So when placed in a situation where someone would tell them something that they might not have ever experienced or been taught, it would only be natural for them to assume that the person was lying. The forced migration of these farmers into cities increased the population of many towns, and although the proportions of duels might not have increased the sheer number certainly would increase as the numbers of citizens in a particular city increased. Just as the movement of people to the cities fostered and perpetuated the duel in cities, their vacancy actually may have caused dueling in the rural areas as well. As the peasants left the lands and lords continued to expand upon their land, the relative distance between each landowners farm increased, this may have aided the duels acceptance and growth in popularity. This expanding of the population l ed to very little action in the rural areas. A duel in effect was a break in this norm, as word would spread it would give people something to talk about and assuming the duelists had decided to andle the dispute in public it even gave the country folk something to go see, reminiscent of the ancient Romans and the battles that they would hold at the coliseum. Although watching one man kill another because one may have exaggerated on how much money he had, might not seem like a very wholesome form of entertainment in seventeenth century rural England this may be a once a year event that you must not miss. Enclosure wasnt the only capitalistic feature that might have cause the rise of and growth of honor and the duel, inflation was also a completely new concept to the English people. Inflation is the idea that prices of products will inevitably fluctuate over time as the economy changes. During the feudal system however prices had been set, but as the economy switched to capitalism the people began to notice that prices of everything were rising uncontrollaDly. In America we try to regulate tnls pnenomenon tnrougn tne regulation on currency in circulation and setting interest rates at a standard. While inflation may not have been a direct cause for the rise of honor and dueling it definitely lead to added amounts of stress among the people as they tried to make sense of what was going on. It also would stand to reason that if the people didnt understand this concept that as merchants began to charge them different prices they would begin to be upset, in fact they may have actually called some of the merchants liars or cheats. These claims would have undoubtedly led to duels because individuals honor would have been hurt. Capitalism wasnt the only change that caused people to behave differently among themselves. There were also religious problems that can be attributed to fueling honor and dueling. As we all know it was Henry VIII, one of the first Tudor Kings, who started the protestant evolution in England. This wasnt an easy transition however throughout the next few rulers the Kingdom would sway to Protestant, to Catholic, and back again. This waffling back and forth upset many people during each rule. Their frustration with the government certainly would not help a society of already angry people. Also religion has always been one of those things that people were willing to die for. So it would only stand to reason that as people came into contact with those who held different views about religion, honors would most certainly be questioned. Even to this day when people start discussing religion often the arguments will turn personal, so in a time where it would have been culturally acceptable to duel, you can see how easily it would have been for two proud men to get caught in a situation where they would not only be defending their honor but also their religion. Both sides would assume that they were right and that God would be defending them in the dispute. Now while both religion and the new capitatistic economy certainly raised tensions and created situations where men would be forced to defend their onor in a duel, but probably the biggest new social change that led to the rise of honor and the duel in English society was the emergence of a new class of people who would be reffered to as gentry. As capitalism grew a new social class that hadnt previously exsisted began to emerge, they would be called the gentry. 9 The gentry were essentially the equivalent toa middle class in modern terms. This new class was a title-less class, meaning although they had quite a substaintial amount of money they lacked the classification of nobility. Prior to the age of capitalism there ere essentially only two classes, nobility and peasants, but now capitalism had allowed a class of merchant who previously would have been forced to work in a feudal syste m to have money. These people were very socially conscious of their situation and place in society. 20 They envied those with titles and the security with which it came. The gentry had essential made themselves out of nothing and yet in a social sense were not receiving the public or political recognition they felt they deserved. They quickly turned to the idea of honor and the practice of the duel as a eans to combat their feelings of social inferiority and in some case even a way to cure them. The practice of courtesy was perceived as a link to the more important figures in society, something that any man of importance was deserving of. The gentry being the proud class that they were, believed that these ideas should be extended to one another, as though they were nobility. In a sense the practicing of courtesy, tne concept 0T nonor, tne aeclslon to Ouel to aeTena It, gave tne gentry a sort of pseudo-sophistication. They believed that if they acted like the nobility acted than they in turn were nobility in their minds. 1 This could be connected to the idea of Puritanism in that where as the Puritans believed that they might not be of the chosen they still had an obligation to act like it; the gentry believed that even though they werent nobility they should act like it anyway. This is true today, go to many middle class neighborhoods today and you will see many people living above their means in an effort to associate themselves with a higher class then the one they are actually in. Well the ideas of courtesy, honor, and the duel, were the seventeenth century equivalent to a Lexus and a home you couldnt afford. A successful dueler was looked upon very favorable in most cases by his peers. He would be perceived as an individual high in honor and moral standards. He would be raised above the common member of the gentry class, in effect giving him the status which he so desperately wanted. 22 Another issue which occurred due to the formation of the new class was boredom. 23 The gentry class had earned what money they had but their children often had very little work to do. This was similar to the nobilitys situation, you see the people who were poor often didnt have time to be concerned ith such trival issues as honor and courtesy, but the more well off members of society particularly those who were very social conscious had little else to do. To the gentry an insult was a question of not only their manhood but also whether or not they deserved their position in society, and with little else to concern themselves with this could soon balloon in too a large issue. It is important to note that while the majority of the public accepted the notions of courtesy, honor, and dueling, it was not accepted by everybody. The list of those who didnt approve was actually pretty long and very powerful. It included all the English kings of this era as well as many high ranking officials in government. The Catholic Church as well as the Puritan Church were also against dueling in particular. John Eliot spoke on this fact in the opening words of the proclamation against the duel, Because among other bitter fruits that these unlawful and bewitching [d]uels have produced; there is none more dangerous for the sequel, more contemptuous against Our Authority, and more Godless against the Divine Majesty, then is the publication , as it were before the Sun and Moon, of mens arrogant conceits of their own valor. Never the less dueling, honor, and courtesy not only were accepted but flourished among certain groups of the population despite the objections from such powerful institutions. It was said that mens honor was more important than his king, his God, or even his own life. 25 Bibliography Baldick, Robert. The Duel. London: Spring Books, 1965. Cochran, Hamilton. Noted American Duels and Hostile Encounters. Philadelphia: Chilton Books, 1963. Ho an , Baroara. Gentlemans Blood: a nlstory 0T Ouellng Trom swords at dawn to pistols at dusk. New York: Bloomsbury, 2003. Kiernan, V. G. The Duel in European History. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1988. Olsen Kirstin. Daily Live in 18th Century England, Daily Life Through History Online. 2002, I Love a Mob: behavior- ritualized violence, dueling. Peltonen, Markku. Francis Bacon, the Earl Northampton, and the Jacobean Anti- dueling Campaign, The historical Journal, 44 (2001): 1-28. Peltonen, Markku. The Duel in Early Modern England. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2003. Shoemaker, Robert, B. The Taming of the Duel; Masculinity, Honour and ritual, violence in London, 1660-1800, The Historical journal 45 (2002): 525-545.

The influence of macroeconomic conditions on market participants Essay

The influence of macroeconomic conditions on market participants - Essay Example This paper outlines the importance of the macroeconomic factors recognition during planning of the economic activity of any company. None of the companies is able to control them, yet these factors may hamper or facilitate the business activities of many companies and the stability of the market in which the company operates in. Economic factors play an important role in decision-making process of each company. The company should certainly try to improve its technological facilities, management procedures and financial operations but the successful activity in micro-environment can be sustained only if the company reacts quickly to macroeconomic factors and adapts its policy accordingly. The marketing strategy will fail if such factors as interest rates, level of unemployment, legal social and demographic factors are not taken into account, as none of the companies is able to operate in environment and outside it. Current political conditions as well as level of corruption might influence the decision making process as well. One of the most important factors that affects the business activities of companies is the purchasing power. If the purchasing power is low, as it is in less developed countries, then the company is not able to sell expensive products or the level of sales may be lower than expected one. The level of unemployment should be taken into account in developing of the marketing strategy of the company. High level of unemployment usually leads to the decrease in the production of luxury goods (such as expensive cars, refrigerators and other home appliances). Past incomes, earned by the persons who are retired should be taken into account in devising of the marketing strategy as well.